Newark Liberty International Airport (EWR) is one of the oldest and most significant airports in the United States. Its early history is marked by rapid development and a series of pioneering achievements that played a crucial role in the evolution of commercial aviation.
Founding and Early Operations
Establishment in 1928:
Newark Liberty International Airport was established on October 1, 1928, initially named Newark Metropolitan Airport. It was built on 68 acres of reclaimed marshland along the Passaic River in Newark, New Jersey. The development was overseen by the City of Newark, which funded the project with an investment of approximately $6 million. This project was part of a broader effort to boost the city’s economic development and establish it as a key player in the aviation industry.
Key Players in Development:
- City of Newark: The primary entity behind the airport’s development, providing necessary funding and administrative oversight.
- Newark Department of Aviation: Managed the airport’s operations.
- Amelia Earhart: While not directly involved in the development, her frequent use of the airport and participation in its opening ceremony in 1928 brought significant publicity to the facility.
Initial Infrastructure:
At its inception, Newark Metropolitan Airport featured a single 1,600-foot runway and a small terminal building. Despite its modest beginnings, the airport was equipped with advanced facilities for its time, including a weather bureau, air traffic control, and a passenger terminal with waiting rooms and dining services. This made it one of the most modern airports of its era.
Early Operations:
In its early years, Newark quickly became a major hub for commercial aviation. It served as a key site for pioneering airlines such as Eastern Air Lines, American Airlines, and Transcontinental Air Transport (later known as Trans World Airlines or TWA). These airlines operated both domestic and international flights, connecting Newark to major cities across the United States and beyond. By 1930, Newark Airport had become the busiest airport in the world.
Significant Developments in the 1930s
Expansion Projects:
The 1930s were marked by significant expansion projects at Newark Metropolitan Airport. The airport underwent major development, including the construction of additional runways, an expanded terminal building, and the installation of improved navigational aids. These enhancements allowed the airport to accommodate larger aircraft and increased air traffic.
Introduction of Night Flights:
In 1932, Newark Airport became the first airport in the United States to allow nighttime operations, thanks to the installation of electric runway lights. This innovation significantly expanded the operational capacity of the airport.
Technological Innovations and Milestones
First Airport with an Air Traffic Control Tower:
Newark Airport was a pioneer in implementing new technologies. It was the first airport in the United States to have an air traffic control tower, established in 1935. This innovation played a crucial role in managing the increasing volume of air traffic and enhancing safety standards.
Advanced Weather Forecasting:
In 1935, Newark Airport introduced an advanced weather forecasting system. This system provided pilots with real-time weather updates, significantly improving flight safety and operational efficiency.
The early history of Newark Liberty International Airport is a testament to its pioneering role in the development of commercial aviation in the United States. From its establishment in 1928 to its significant expansions in the 1930s, the airport set numerous precedents in aviation technology and infrastructure.